Can plastic containers release substances?
And can these be present in food?

Can the plastic containers used for supplements release synthetic substances that will then settle on the capsules or tablets, or in the liquid you are going to take?

That is the question we at Salugea asked ourselves.

To answer this question, we carried out a scientific experiment, in an accredited laboratory, supervised by Dr Stefano Censani, Biologist, Naturopath and Technical Director of Salugea.

We compared several Aloe Vera Juices commonly available on the market and packaged in plastic bottles with our Organic Aloe Vera Juice, packaged in pharmaceutical-grade dark glass.

The aim was to assess the presence of “phthalates”, chemical substances that can be released into the product from the plastic of the bottles.

These substances are considered “endocrine disruptors”, meaning they can interfere with the normal function of various hormones, especially sex hormones.

Alex Bellini
Giulio Berruti
Lucia Giovannini
Giovanni De Carolis
Walter Nudo
Matteo Salvo
Claudio Belotti
Simona Atzori
Demetrio Albertini

1st test: Aloe Vera in dark glass

We analysed our Organic Aloe Vera Juice, packaged in dark glass. In this product, no trace of phthalates was found. The result was fairly predictable, as glass is a highly inert material that tends not to release foreign substances.

2nd test: Aloe Vera in plastic.

Here, by contrast, the analysis detected traces of a substance belonging to the phthalate group.

But our test didn’t end there!

In fact, the data that emerged referred to products kept at room temperature, around 25°C.

We wanted to test what it means for natural products packaged in plastic to be exposed to high temperatures for short periods.

So we had the same accredited laboratory test the 2 Aloe samples, but this time kept at 40°C for 3 weeks.

And the results were even more striking!

Even under these conditions, Salugea Organic Aloe Vera Juice confirmed that it had not even the slightest trace of substances released from the glass into the product.

The Aloe Vera Juice in a plastic bottle showed a level of synthetic substance dissolved in the product more than five and a half times higher than the level previously found at room temperature and, this time, above the permitted legal limits.

This shows that, indeed, plastic containers can tend to release synthetic chemicals into the products they contain, and that this release increases dramatically if the bottle is subjected to heat stress for prolonged periods.

At Salugea, you can be sure you will always find supplements packaged in pharmaceutical-grade dark glass, the only material that can guarantee the quality and safety of the product over time.

A choice of quality that we reaffirm every day, for truly deeper wellbeing and a better-protected environment.

Bibliography

Rastakari, N., Jeddi, M.Z., Yunesian, M. et al. Effect of sunlight exposure on phthalates migration from plastic containers to packaged juices. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 16, 27–33 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-018-0292-8

Giuliani, A.; Zuccarini, M.; Cichelli, A.; Khan, H.; Reale, M. Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165655

Ustun, I., Sungur, S., Okur, R. et al. Determination of Phthalates Migrating from Plastic Containers into Beverages. Food Anal. Methods 8, 222–228 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9896-5

Leila Arfaeinia, Sina Dobaradaran, Farzaneh Nasrzadeh, Shiva Shamsi, Yousef Poureshgh, Hossein Arfaeinia, Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in highly acidic juice packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container: Occurrence, migration and estrogenic activity-associated risk assessment, Microchemical Journal, Volume 155, 2020, 104719, ISSN 0026-265X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104719

Rastkari N, Zare Jeddi M, Yunesian M, Ahmadkhaniha R. The Effect of Storage Time, Temperature and Type of Packaging on the Release of Phthalate Esters into Packed
Acidic Liquids. Food Technol Biotechnol. 2017 Dec;55(4):562-569. doi: 10.17113/ftb.55.04.17.5128. PMID: 29540990; PMCID: PMC5848201

Erythropel, H.C., Maric, M., Nicell, J.A. et al. Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98, 9967–9981 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6183-8

Bang, D.Y., Kyung, M., Kim, M.J., Jung, B.Y., Cho, M.C., Choi, S.M., Kim, Y.W., Lim, S.K., Lim, D.S., Won, A.J., Kwack, S.J., Lee, Y., Kim, H.S. and Lee, B.M. (2012), Human Risk Assessment of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Derived from Plastic Food Containers. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 11: 453-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00197

Tumu, K., Vorst, K., & Curtzwiler, G. (2023). Endocrine modulating chemicals in food packaging: A review of phthalates and bisphenols. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 00, 1– 23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13113

Chung-Hsing Chen, Shih Sheng Jiang, I-Shou Chang, Hui-Ju Wen, Chien-Wen Sun, Shu-Li Wang, Association between fetal exposure to phthalate endocrine disruptor and genome-wide DNA methylation at birth, Environmental Research, Volume 162, 2018, Pages 261-270, ISSN 0013-9351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.009

Karwacka A, Zamkowska D, Radwan M, Jurewicz J. Exposure to modern, widespread environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals and their effect on the reproductive potential of women: an overview of current epidemiological evidence. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2019 Apr;22(1):2-25. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1358828. Epub 2017 Jul 31. PMID: 28758506

Grindler, N.M., Vanderlinden, L., Karthikraj, R. et al. Exposure to Phthalate, an Endocrine Disrupting Chemical, Alters the First Trimester Placental Methylome and Transcriptome in Women. Sci Rep 8, 6086 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24505-w

Martin L, Zhang Y, First O, Mustieles V, Dodson R, Rosa G, Coburn-Sanderson A, Adams CD, Messerlian C. Lifestyle interventions to reduce endocrine-disrupting phthalate and phenol exposures among reproductive age men and women: A review and future steps. Environ Int. 2022 Dec;170:107576. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107576. Epub 2022 Oct 14. PMID: 36283156; PMCID: PMC9890927

Salugea’s best-loved natural supplements