Experimental Phytotherapy
The prostate is a small male gland located below the bladder.
It has many functions and is very important too, but in most cases it is never given a thought until the first discomfort begins.
And this habit really needs rethinking!
Prostate disorders are considered to be among the most common urological problems in men.
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is the second most frequent diagnosis in men over the age of 50.
An analysis conducted in Italy in 2009 showed a rising trend with increasing age, and a decline in the over-85s: 0.6% (35-44 years), 4.7% (45-54 years), 20.3% (55-64 years), 37.5% (65-74 years), 42.9% (75-84 years) and 37.5% (≥ 85 years)1.
BPH is characterised by an increase in the volume of the prostate gland, which, by pressing on the urethra, can reduce the diameter of the urethral canal, with a concomitant thickening of the bladder wall and a reduced ability to empty the bladder after urination.
The narrowing of the urethra can cause acute urinary retention (AUR) and chronic urinary retention (CUR), which can lead to infections, the formation of bladder stones, haematuria and damage to the bladder wall and the kidneys.
The most common symptoms of BPH include incomplete emptying of the bladder, nocturia (i.e. the need to urinate several times a night), reduced urinary flow, incontinence, the need to strain during urination and a sudden urge to urinate2.
And the causes? Mostly still unknown.
Two important and common determining factors appear to be the inflammatory state and the hormonal imbalance brought on by advancing age.
And what does the natural products market offer for this need?
Mainly supplements based on a single ingredient.
However, this approach is very limiting in functional terms.
In fact, it is the synergy created between several plant extracts that produces that magic and simultaneous action which makes it possible to tackle the situation all-round.
In Prostadoc you’ll find a blend of plant extracts that are specific and patented for prostate wellbeing: EnotProst®, Pumpkin, Nettle, Pomegranate and Selenium.
To date, Prostadoc is the only supplement to have Pomegranate extract in its formula!
The combination of these elements makes Prostadoc an innovative and high-quality supplement.
Before moving on to the scientific studies section, let’s take another important detour, this time on the choice of active ingredients in Prostadoc.
Most prostate supplements contain Saw Palmetto and Zinc. Why did we avoid them?
Saw Palmetto
Undoubtedly the plant most commonly used for prostate wellbeing. However, we chose not to include it in the Prostadoc team because:
- To be effective, it must be standardised to a very high level (at least 85%), which can only be achieved in the seed oil; dry extracts, in fact, reach a maximum standardisation of 45%. For this reason, a very large quantity would be needed, which would take up practically all the space in the capsule;
- To provide that quantity, we would have had to make a product based solely on Saw Palmetto;
- A single ingredient is always a functionally more limited approach compared with multi-ingredient formulas, because the synergy created between various plant extracts can give deeper effects and cover a wider range of conditions.
These are the main reasons that led us to avoid this ingredient. And Mother Nature, the eternal dispenser of remedies, already had something extremely suitable in store: Willowherb.
For Prostadoc we chose EnotProst®, a patented Willowherb extract that has demonstrated, through clinical studies, its effectiveness on the most impactful manifestations affecting the prostate.
Zinc
We avoided Zinc because recent research has shown that this element may be linked to the functions of certain metalloproteinases, enzymes that can promote degenerative phenomena of an inflammatory type affecting the prostate3-4-5.
These effects are still being studied, but they gave us food for thought and in the end we preferred not to include it in the formulation anyway.
Instead of this element, we opted for Selenium which, among its many properties, counteracts oxidative stress, a determining factor in prostate disorders.
In the next section, we look at the scientific studies for each plant extract.
1SIMG, 2010 - Società italiana di medicina generale [Italian Society of General Medicine], with an estimated overall prevalence of around 25% (2,3). 2) Harvey BS (2014) Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
2Lee SWH, Chan EMC, Lai YK (2017) The global burden of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Sci Rep 7(1):7984.
3Białkowska K, et Al. Association of zinc level and polymorphism in MMP-7 gene with prostate cancer in Polish population. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 23;13(7):e0201065. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201065. PMID: 30036379; PMCID: PMC6056054.
4Park KC, Dharmasivam M, Richardson DR. The Role of Extracellular Proteases in Tumor Progression and the Development of Innovative Metal Ion Chelators that Inhibit their Activity. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 16;21(18):6805. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186805. PMID: 32948029; PMCID: PMC7555822.
5Swanson TA, Kim SI, Myers M, Pabon A, Philibert KD, Wang M, Glucksman MJ. The role of neuropeptide processing enzymes in endocrine (prostate) cancer: EC 3.4.24.15 (EP24.15). Protein Pept Lett. 2004 Oct;11(5):471-8. doi: 10.2174/0929866043406607. PMID: 15544568.
EnotProst®
Esposito C, Santarcangelo C, Masselli R, Buonomo G, Nicotra G, Insolia V, D'Avino M, Caruso G, Buonomo AR, Sacchi R, Sommella E, Campiglia P, Tenore GC, Daglia M. Epilobium angustifolium L. extract with high content in oenothein B on benign prostatic hyperplasia: A monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jun;138:111414. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111414. Epub 2021 Mar 23. PMID: 33765581.
The registered ingredient EnotProst® was tested on 128 adult men in a double-blind clinical study. At the end of the study, the results obtained in the treated patients compared with those on placebo showed that this ingredient can be used positively in subjects with BPH. All thanks to its anti-inflammatory action, which improves quality of life – reducing post-void residual volume and, consequently, nocturia – and overall kidney function, without any kind of adverse event or toxicity.
Deng L, Zong W, Tao X, Liu S, Feng Z, Lin Y, Liao Z, Chen M. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect against benign prostatic hyperplasia and the active constituents from Epilobium angustifolium L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Mar 25;232:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.045. Epub 2018 Dec 5. PMID: 30529422.
This study, first in vitro and then in vivo on mice, set out to assess the therapeutic effect of Willowherb against BPH. At the end of the trial, the researchers found marked effects against BPH. In particular: regulation of androgen levels, and attenuation of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. For this reason, at the end of the study, the researchers suggest Willowherb as an adjuvant to treatments for BPH
Dacrema M, Sommella E, Santarcangelo C, Bruno B, Marano MG, Insolia V, Saviano A, Campiglia P, Stornaiuolo M, Daglia M. Metabolic profiling, in vitro bioaccessibility and in vivo bioavailability of a commercial bioactive Epilobium angustifolium L. extract. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Nov;131:110670. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110670. Epub 2020 Sep 4. PMID: 32896677.
This study shows how Willowherb is extremely useful against BPH. In particular, its polyphenols are able to give rise to the formation of urolithins A and B, which are known to exert anti-inflammatory activity.
Kiss A, Kowalski J, Melzig MF. Compounds from Epilobium angustifolium inhibit the specific metallopeptidases ACE, NEP and APN. Planta Med. 2004 Oct;70(10):919-23. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-832617. PMID: 15490319.
In this study, the researchers highlighted the activity of Willowherb as a metalloproteinase inhibitor. The dysregulation of the levels of these metalloproteinases has in fact been correlated with the development of BPH.
Pumpkin
Vahlensieck W, Theurer C, Pfitzer E, Patz B, Banik N, Engelmann U. Effects of pumpkin seed in men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in the one-year, randomized, placebo-controlled GRANU study. Urol Int. 2015;94(3):286-95. doi: 10.1159/000362903. Epub 2014 Sep 5. PMID: 25196580.
A 2015 study conducted on over 1,400 men and published in Urologia Internationalis examined the effects of pumpkin seed consumption on BPH. After one year, the men who had supplemented their diet with pumpkin seeds reported a reduction in symptoms and a better quality of life.
Leibbrand M, Siefer S, Schön C, Perrinjaquet-Moccetti T, Kompek A, Csernich A, Bucar F, Kreuter MH. Effects of an Oil-Free Hydroethanolic Pumpkin Seed Extract on Symptom Frequency and Severity in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Pilot Study in Humans. J Med Food. 2019 Jun;22(6):551-559. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0106. Epub 2019 Apr 24. PMID: 31017505; PMCID: PMC6590724.
This study involved 60 men who took a pumpkin seed extract for around three months. The aim was to assess the change in the IPSS score during the treatment period. At the end of the study, the participants showed a reduction in nocturia (night-time urination) and in post-void residual volume.
Nettle
Safarinejad MR. Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Herb Pharmacother. 2005;5(4):1-11. PMID: 16635963.
This 6-month study involved 558 men divided into two groups: one was given a placebo, the other nettle extract. At the end of the study period, the subjects who had received the nettle extract reported an improvement as regards the prostate compared with those who had been given the placebo. The researchers conclude by suggesting that nettle has beneficial effects on prostate symptoms.
Akbar Karami A, Sheikhsoleimani M, Reza Memarzadeh M, Haddadi E, Bakhshpour M, Mohammadi N, Mehdi Mirhashemi S. Urtica Dioica Root Extract on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Randomized Controlled Trial. Pak J Biol Sci. 2020 Jan;23(10):1338-1344. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1338.1344. PMID: 32981268.
This research involved 60 men: 30 were treated with a placebo and 30 with nettle extract. The study went on for 12 weeks. At the end of this period, the subjects who had been given the extract showed positive effects against BPH.
Pomegranate
Seeram NP, Adams LS, Henning SM, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Nair MG, Heber D. In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Jun;16(6):360-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.006. PMID: 15936648.
In this in vitro study, the researchers showed how pomegranate extract is useful for counteracting the proliferation of altered cells and the level of inflammation.
Ming DS, Pham S, Deb S, Chin MY, Kharmate G, Adomat H, Beheshti EH, Locke J, Guns ET. Pomegranate extracts impact the androgen biosynthesis pathways in prostate cancer models in vitro and in vivo. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Sep;143:19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Feb 22. PMID: 24565566.
In this study, carried out on mice, the researchers investigated the effects of pomegranate extracts and their ability to curb androgen biosynthesis. At the end of the research, the scientists determined that PSA was significantly reduced by the pomegranate treatment.
Selenium
Eichholzer M, Steinbrecher A, Kaaks R, Teucher B, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S. Effects of selenium status, dietary glucosinolate intake and serum glutathione S-transferase α activity on the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2012 Dec;110(11 Pt C):E879-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11383.x. Epub 2012 Aug 9. PMID: 22882569.
In this study, the researchers show that there is a direct relationship between a lack of Selenium and a greater likelihood of developing prostatic hyperplasia. One of the factors in the development of prostatic hyperplasia is inflammation. This, in turn, can become more insidious partly because of a shortage of selenium, given that one of its major properties is precisely that of protecting us from the damage caused by oxidative stress.
At the conclusion of the study, the researchers showed how the risk of prostatic hyperplasia decreased significantly as the selenium concentration increased.
Our texts are for information purposes only; they are not to be understood as an indication for the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions and are in no way intended to replace the advice of a doctor.