Abdominal bloating and digestive difficulties are rather common complaints. Most gastrointestinal discomfort is linked to irritable bowel syndrome. This syndrome (IBS) affects around 15/20% of the population of Western countries, and women more frequently[6].
Another very common complaint linked to the digestive tract is gastro-oesophageal reflux, whose main symptom is a burning feeling in the stomach. In Europe the prevalence of this complaint is between 9 and 26%, making it the second-ranking area, immediately after North America [7].
As far as reflux is concerned, one of the biggest risk factors, after family history, is obesity [8].
It is no coincidence that all these complaints are more widespread in Western society, since an important component is lifestyle. Most people lead a hectic life which often, not to say always, does not allow them to pay proper attention to what they eat and, above all, to how they eat it.
Not to mention psychogenic factors such as anxiety and stress, which can negatively affect digestive capacity and cause discomfort such as abdominal cramps, burning in the stomach, flatulence, nausea and diarrhoea [9].
The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are often underestimated and ignored, dismissed as a trivial stomach ache. But a stomach ache that goes on for weeks or months cannot be considered normal.
The main symptoms of this complaint include [10]:
- chronic abdominal pain with cramps,
- altered bowel habits,
- pain relief after evacuation,
- increased pain after meals,
- changes in the volume and appearance of stools,
- abdominal bloating (especially in women),
- stress,
- anxiety and/or depression.
To prevent these complaints, sporadic at first, from becoming chronic, it is important to practise prevention.
To take care of your gut it is important to follow a healthy, balanced diet, to supplement your diet with quality products, to try to limit your sources of stress and to do physical activity in a consistent, appropriate way.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYTOTHERAPY
Colonsan Enhanced Formula contains: Fennel, Dandelion, Ginger, Mallow and Lemon Balm.
Let us now look at some in-depth studies carried out on these actives.
FENNEL
- Eliasvandi P, Khodaie L, Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M. Effect of an herbal capsule on chronic constipation among menopausal women: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019 Nov-Dec;9(6):517-529. doi: 10.22038/AJP.2019.13109. PMID: 31763211; PMCID: PMC6823525.
This 2019 study tested the effects of herbal capsules, including fennel, in menopausal women with constipation problems. In the group taking the herbal preparation there was a significant improvement in constipation-related symptoms compared with the placebo group.
- Alexandrovich I, Rakovitskaya O, Kolmo E, Sidorova T, Shushunov S. The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;9(4):58-61. PMID: 12868253.
The effects of Fennel have also been highlighted in cases of colic in newborns. In particular, in this study published in 2003 the group of newborns treated with essential oil of Fennel saw a significant improvement in the condition of their colic compared with the group treated with placebo.
DANDELION
- Martinez M, Poirrier P, Chamy R, Prüfer D, Schulze-Gronover C, Jorquera L, Ruiz G. Taraxacum officinale and related species-An ethnopharmacological review and its potential as a commercial medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jul 1;169:244-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.067. Epub 2015 Apr 6. PMID: 25858507.
Dandelion, also known as “lion's tooth”, is a wild plant used for centuries as a traditional medicine to relieve various illnesses. This use is due to the presence of the sesquiterpenes, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and complex sugars found in the organs of the plant.
In this review, all the documents concerning the aspects and properties of this plant were collected and analysed.
GINGER
- Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM. Gingerols and shogaols: Important nutraceutical principles from ginger. 2015 Sep;117:554-568. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.012. Epub 2015 Jul 27. PMID: 26228533.
The medicinal properties of ginger, including the relief of nausea, arthritis and pain, have been associated with gingerols. Gingerol analogues are thermally labile and easily undergo dehydration reactions to form the corresponding shogaols, which give dried ginger its characteristic pungent flavour. Both gingerols and shogaols display a series of biological activities ranging from antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity to actions on the central nervous system.
The inclusion of ginger or ginger extracts in nutraceutical formulations could provide valuable protection against diabetes and against heart and liver disorders.
- Lakhan SE, Ford CT, Tepper D. Zingiberaceae extracts for pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2015 May 14;14:50. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0038-8. PMID: 25972154; PMCID: PMC4436156.
This review analysed several studies conducted on Zingiberaceae extracts (Ginger, Turmeric, Cardamom…) used for their analgesic properties. The results of this analysis showed that Zingiberaceae extracts are clinically effective hypoalgesic agents (they have significant efficacy in reducing subjective systemic pain) and that the available data show a better safety profile than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
MALLOW
- Gasparetto JC, Martins CA, Hayashi SS, Otuky MF, Pontarolo R. Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Feb;64(2):172-89. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01383.x. Epub 2011 Nov 4. PMID: 22221093.
Malva sylvestris L., known as common mallow, is a plant native to Europe, North Africa and Asia.
In the Mediterranean region, this species has a long history of use as a food and for its therapeutic relevance. The leaves in particular have been reported to have powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, and activity supporting the integrity of skin tissue. In addition, an anti-ulcerogenic effect has recently been demonstrated, and the aqueous extract has been shown to be more effective than cimetidine, a powerful medicine used to treat gastric ulcers. Owing to its wide use and functional importance, many studies have been conducted on it.
LEMON BALM
- Dolatabadi F, Abdolghaffari AH, Farzaei MH, et al. The Protective Effect of Melissa officinalis in Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rat Using 2 Models of Acid-induced Colitis and Stress-induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Possible Role of Nitric Oxide Pathway. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018;24(3):490-501. doi:10.5056/jnm17035
The aim of this study published in 2018 was to estimate the effects of Melissa officinalis L. on visceral hypersensitivity, defecation patterns and biochemical factors in 2 experimental models of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and the possible role of nitric oxide.
The results showed that Melissa officinalis can improve irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by modulating visceral hypersensitivity and defecation. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties appear to play important roles in its biological activity.
1 Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:842674. doi:10.1155/2014/842674
2 Martinez M, Poirrier P, Chamy R, Prüfer D, Schulze-Gronover C, Jorquera L, Ruiz G. Taraxacum officinale and related species-An ethnopharmacological review and its potential as a commercial medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jul 1;169:244-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.067. Epub 2015 Apr 6. PMID: 25858507.
3 Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, Hamaguchi T, et al. Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Melissa officinalis Extract which Contained Rosmarinic Acid in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126422. Published 2015 May 15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126422
4 Gasparetto JC, Martins CA, Hayashi SS, Otuky MF, Pontarolo R. Ethnobotanical and scientific aspects of Malva sylvestris L.: a millennial herbal medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Feb;64(2):172-89. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01383.x. Epub 2011 Nov 4. PMID: 22221093.
5 Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM. Gingerols and shogaols: Important nutraceutical principles from ginger. Phytochemistry. 2015 Sep;117:554-568. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.012. Epub 2015 Jul 27. PMID: 26228533.
6 Lanng C, Mortensen D, Friis M, Wallin L, Kay L, Boesby S, Jørgensen T. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in a community sample of subjects with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion. 2003;67(1-2):14-9. doi: 10.1159/000069699. PMID: 12743435.
7 El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J. Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut. 2014 Jun;63(6):871-80. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269. Epub 2013 Jul 13. PMID: 23853213; PMCID: PMC4046948.
8 Chang P, Friedenberg F. Obesity and GERD. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2014 Mar;43(1):161-73. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.11.009. Epub 2013 Dec 27. PMID: 24503366; PMCID: PMC3920303.
9 Istituto A.T. Beck - Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Sindrome del colon irritabile) - Istitutobeck.com
10 M.I.Cro Onlus - The diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Microibd.it
Our texts are for information purposes only; they are not to be understood as an indication for the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions and are in no way intended to replace the advice of a doctor.