The blemishes of cellulite are an extremely widespread problem. On average they affect 90% of women regardless of age, height and weight5.
But how does cellulite arise?
Cellulite is a stagnation of toxins, metabolic waste and excess fluids that forms in the connective tissue1.
We can picture this stagnation as a big traffic jam in the capillary microcirculation.
The trigger for this stagnation is the fat cells, which begin to swell and in this way obstruct the regular subcutaneous capillary flow that brings nutrients and oxygen to the fibroblasts, the cells that produce collagen and therefore the very structure of the connective tissue.
In this way the other basic function of the microcirculation is also obstructed, namely that of carrying away from the tissue the waste and discarded elements (toxins), which instead begin to accumulate among the fibroblasts, thereby altering their function.
The jam blocks the circulation and feeds itself. This slowing of the microcirculation means that the cells cannot eliminate metabolic waste and toxins and, at the same time, struggle to let in nutrients and oxygen, the elements that keep the tissues beautiful and vital.
At this point the fibroblasts are no longer able to produce collagen adequately. Thus, over time, this leads to a decline in the structure of the connective tissue and to a degradation of the capillary membrane itself, which will tend to lose its optimal permeability, necessary for the exchange of toxins and waste products for nutrients and oxygen.
This subcutaneous situation creates inflammation.
Here we come to the first important point. Before being an aesthetic problem, cellulite is a genuine inflammatory state3.
It is not just unsightly; what matters most is that it is not healthy either.
It seems clear that treating cellulite only from the outside with creams or oils, doing physical activity and paying attention to your diet may not be enough4.
For a truly functional approach you need to act from within, and here phytotherapy can be of great help.
Over the years, in fact, phytotherapy has studied these conditions more and more, and there are several studies that testify to the importance of an approach that is also natural.
In the next section we will look at some of them and understand how and why plant active ingredients can be useful in helping you counter the appearance of cellulite and orange-peel skin, wherever they may be.
Experimental Phytotherapy
Pineapple
- Rathnavelu V, Alitheen NB, Sohila S, Kanagesan S, Ramesh R. Potential role of bromelain in clinical and therapeutic applications. Biomed Rep. 2016 Sep;5(3):283-288. doi: 10.3892/br.2016.720. Epub 2016 Jul 18. PMID: 27602208; PMCID: PMC4998156.
This article highlights the anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic functions of bromelain, which are fundamental in helping to restore the physiological conditions of a connective tissue in which the function of the capillaries and of the fibroblasts has been disturbed, leading to oedema and retention, conditions typical of cellulite.
Centella
- Hashim P. The effect of Centella asiatica, vitamins, glycolic acid and their mixtures preparations in stimulating collagen and fibronectin synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblast. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014 Mar;27(2):233-7. PMID: 24577907.
In this study, the researchers concentrated on the specific effect of Centella asiatica, vitamins, glycolic acid and their mixtures in stimulating, in humans, collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. The results showed that all the active ingredients significantly stimulate the synthesis of collagen and fibronectin in fibroblasts. A fundamental aspect in treating the appearance of cellulite.
- Postepy Dermatol Alergol . 2013 Feb;30(1):46-9. doi: 10.5114/pdia.2013.33378. Epub 2013 Feb 20. Centella asiatica in cosmetology Wiesława Bylka 1, Paulina Znajdek- Awiżeń, Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka, Małgorzata Brzezińska
This study analyses the active constituents of Centella and their possible uses. The researchers state that Centella, thanks to its composition rich in pentacyclic triterpenes, asiaticoside, madecassoside, and asiatic and madecassic acids, is useful in promoting fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen synthesis. All this translates into significant action to inhibit inflammation and thus counter problems such as cellulite, skin ageing and skin complaints in general.
Red Vine
- Rabe E, Stücker M, Esperester A, Schäfer E, Ottillinger B. Efficacy and tolerability of a red-vine-leaf extract in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency--results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011 Apr;41(4):540-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.12.003. Epub 2011 Jan 15. PMID: 21239190.B.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a red vine leaf extract on leg volume and on the clinical symptoms of people suffering from chronic venous insufficiency.
The study involved 248 people and was carried out double-blind and placebo-controlled, over a period of 12 weeks.
At the end of the treatment, the group treated with the extract showed a 20 ml reduction in leg volume compared with the group treated with the placebo. This effect is very useful in typical cellulite conditions.
- Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011 Apr;41(4):540-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs. 2010.12.003. Epub 2011 Jan 15. Improvement of cutaneous microcirculation and oxygen supply inpatientswithchronicvenousinsufficiencybyorallyadministe- red extract of red vine leaves AS 195: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Kalus U, Koscielny J, Grigorov A, Schaefer E, Peil H, Kiesewetter H.
In this study too, the researchers analysed the effect of red vine leaf extract on the microcirculation, transcutaneous oxygen pressure and leg oedema in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.
The study was randomised, conducted double-blind and involved 129 people, men and women. After 6 weeks of treatment, the group taking the Red Vine extract had an improvement in microcirculation and in oxygen permeation, and leg circumference had also decreased. These are all supporting factors against the appearance of cellulite.
Garcinia
- Fassina P, Scherer Adami F, Terezinha Zani V, Kasper Machado IC, Garavaglia J, Quevedo Grave MT, Ramos R, Morelo Dal Bosco S. THE EFFECT OF GARCINIA CAMBOGIA AS COADJUVANT IN THE WEIGHT LOSS PROCESS. Nutr Hosp. 2015 Dec 1;32(6):2400-8. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.6.9587. PMID: 26667686.
This work took into consideration all the studies on the administration of Garcinia Cambogia as an adjuvant factor in the treatment of obesity. Its effectiveness, its modes of action, the recommended daily amount, its side effects and its contraindications were assessed. The studies suggest positive results on the effectiveness of Garcinia Cambogia in the weight-loss process without adverse effects.
- Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate on net fat synthesis as de novo lipogenesis. Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul 30;88(4-5):371-81. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.005. Epub 2006 May 24. PMID: 16725163.
In this study, the researchers showed how the hydroxycitrate (HCA) of Garcinia Cambogia can support the maintenance of body weight by limiting the capacity for lipogenesis, while also exerting an inhibitory action on lipases, the digestive enzymes of dietary fats
Gynostemma
- Park SH, Huh TL, Kim SY, Oh MR, Tirupathi Pichiah PB, Chae SW, Cha YS. Antiobesity effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract (actiponin): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Jan;22(1):63-71. doi: 10.1002/oby.20539. Epub 2013 Sep 5. Erratum in: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Dec;23(12):2520. Erratum in: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Sep;28(9):1770-1773. PMID: 23804546.
This study concentrated on evaluating the effects of actiponin, extracted from Gynostemma, on body weight, fat loss and metabolic markers.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study lasting 12 weeks was carried out on 80 overweight subjects, men and women. During the period of actiponin supplementation, total abdominal fat area, body weight, body fat mass, body fat percentage and BMI decreased significantly in the actiponin group compared with the placebo group. The researchers conclude that actiponin is a powerful anti-obesity element that produces no significant adverse effects.
- Xie Z, Jiang H, Liu W, Zhang X, Chen D, Sun S, Zhou C, Liu J, Bao S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Li J, Hu L, Li J. The triterpenoid sapogenin (2α-OH-Protopanoxadiol) ameliorates metabolic syndrome via the intestinal FXR/GLP-1 axis through gut microbiota remodelling. Cell Death Dis. 2020 Sep 17;11(9):770. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02974-0. PMID: 32943612; PMCID: PMC7499306.
This study carried out on mice showed that the administration of Gynostemma protected the mice from obesity induced by a high-fat diet and improved glucose tolerance by improving the function of intestinal L cells. These results show how Gynostemma can be useful in cases of metabolic syndrome and its consequences in terms of cellulite.
1 Mamalis A, Jagdeo J. The Combination of Resveratrol and High-Fluence Light Emitting Diode-Red Light Produces Synergistic Photobotanical Inhibition of Fibroblast Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis: A Novel Treatment for Skin Fibrosis. Dermatol Surg. 2017 Jan;43(1):81-86. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000921. PMID: 28027199.
2 Maia-Landim A, Ramírez JM, Lancho C, Poblador MS, Lancho JL. Long-term effects of Garcinia cambogia/Glucomannan on weight loss in people with obesity, PLIN4, FTO and Trp64Arg polymorphisms. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Jan 24;18(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2099-7. PMID: 29361938; PMCID: PMC5781311.
3 Fassina P, Scherer Adami F, Terezinha Zani V, Kasper Machado IC, Garavaglia J, Quevedo Grave MT, Ramos R, Morelo Dal Bosco S. THE EFFECT OF GARCINIA CAMBOGIA AS COADJUVANT IN THE WEIGHT LOSS PROCESS. Nutr Hosp. 2015 Dec 1;32(6):2400-8. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.6.9587. PMID: 26667686.
4 Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate on net fat synthesis as de novo lipogenesis. Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul 30;88(4-5):371-81. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.04.005. Epub 2006 May 24. PMID: 16725163.
5 IRCCS Humanitas Reserach Hospital – Cellulite.
6 Enzo Emanuele, Cellulite: Advances in treatment: Facts and controversies Clinics in Dermatology, Volume 31, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 725-730, ISSN 0738-081X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.009.-
7 Luebberding, S., Krueger, N. & Sadick, N.S. Cellulite: An Evidence-Based Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 16, 243–256 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-015-0129-5.
Our texts are for information purposes only; they are not to be understood as an indication for the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions and are in no way intended to replace the advice of a doctor.